What is Ion Exchange Chromatography?

Definition of ion exchange chromatography:

Ion exchange chromatography is a chromatographic method used to separate ions based on their interaction with oppositely charged groups on a stationary phase. It separates substances only when they carry an electrical charge, making charge the fundamental basis of separation. The stationary phase contains fixed charged groups that selectively retain ions, while neutral molecules pass through without significant interaction. As a result, separation depends on ionic interactions rather than molecular size or polarity, clearly distinguishing ion exchange chromatography from other chromatographic techniques.