How are crude drug extracts separated in pharmacognosy?

Points on how crude drug extracts separated in pharmacognosy:

• After solvent extraction of crude drugs, chromatography is used to fractionate the extract into individual chemical constituents.
• The concentrated plant extract is applied onto chromatographic media such as silica gel, alumina, or paper, where components separate based on their chemical properties.
• This fractionation process converts a complex crude mixture into isolated components suitable for further structural and biological evaluation.

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