Environmental Applications of Biotechnology

Environmental applications of biotechnology, As we know that now a days biotechnology is widely used in various fields such as agriculture, food industry, pharmaceutical industry, medicine and much more. Out of this biotechnology also plays an important role to protect environment. Some of the environmental applications of biotechnology are as follows.

1. Biotechnology produces enzymes which is used in laundry detergents.
2. Genetically modified microorganisms are made using biotechnology which are used to break industrial waste.
3. It improves manufacturing of products and reduces the waste products.
4. Biotechnology develops bio degradable products.

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Applications of Biotechnology in Food Industry

Applications of biotechnology in food industry: It is used in various fields such as medicine, pharmaceutical industry, agriculture etc., Biotechnology also plays an important role in food industry. So let us check it out some of the application of biotechnology in food industry which are as follows.

1. Use of yeast is industries which can be used for production or preparation of alcohol which is the first product made by using biotechnology.
2. Wine can be prepared by using biotechnology.
3. Fruit and vegetable juices can be prepared by biotechnology.
4. Biotechnology can be used to prepare cheese and other cheese products.
5. Biotechnology can be used to prepare bread.

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Applications of Biotechnology in medicine

Applications of Biotechnology in medicine: As we know that biotechnology plays a very important role in various fields such as agriculture, food industry etc., In medicine also biotechnology is widely used, Different types of diseases can be diagnosed by biotechnology. Some of the applications of biotechnology in medicine are as follows.

1. Gene therapy is one of the application of biotechnology which is used to diagnose and treat diseases like cancer and Parkinson.
2.  Through various genetically modified animals and plant scientist are trying to make various Biopharmaceuticals to treat various disease.
3. Pharmacogenomics is one of the applications in which the genetic information of an individual is studied. Using this genetic information the behavior of certain drugs on body can be studied. So that according to the genetic information favorable drugs can be prepared.
4. Genetic testing is also an important application in which the genetic disease in children and parents can be identified.
5. Many hormones , chemicals and enzymes for pharmaceuticals industries are produced using biotechnology.
6. The gene of interest can be introduced into the body using genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology.
7. With the help of biotechnology various antibiotics are developed and are used.
8. Production of vaccines for animals and humans.

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Applications of Biotechnology

The Applications of Biotechnology are discussed here which  is applied in various fields now a days such as agriculture, medicine, Food industry, Pharmaceutical industries etc, Let us define what is biotechnology. With the help of genetic engineering (Biotechnology) using various living organism or their parts or components , different types of products which are used at commercial level are made. Such as Crops which are pest resistant, hybrid animals with high nutritional value are made with the help of biotechnology.. Some of the applications of biotechnology are as follows.

1. Biotechnology can be used to grow better crops, hybrid crops can be made which gives high yield and disease resistant.
2. Value added product of plants or crops can be made with the help of biotechnology.
3. Crops yield can be improved by introducing specific genes into the plants using biotechnology, this genes are resistant to insects, resistant to environmental stress such as (heat, cold, drought) and tolerance to herbicides.
4. Tolerance from virus can be done with biotechnology.
5. Genetically engineered poultry can be done with biotechnology.
6. Genetically engineered plants can be grown.
7. Some of the genetically engineered microorganism can be made which can be used as pesticides.
8. Genetically engineered insects can be made which are used in agriculture.
9. Nutritional value in plant can be improved with this technology.
10. Productivity of crops can be improved with biotechnology.
11. Gene therapy is also available which is used in diagnosis of Parkinson and Cancer disease.
12. Using genetic testing we can study if there is any disease in children or parents.
13. Biotechnology is used in making beer.
14. Biotechnology is used in making bread.
15. Biotechnology is used in making fruit and vegetable juices.
16. Biotechnology is used in making cheese and other cheese products.
17. Various enzymes can be made which are used as catalyst in various chemical reaction.

These are some of the applications of biotechnology which are used directly of indirectly to improve lifestyle or health of living organisms.

Principle of FTIR Spectroscopy

Basic principle of FTIR Spectroscopy are as follows:-

• FTIR spectroscopy is used to identify the functional group which is present in certain molecules.
• FTIR is one of the widely used method which is also know as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.
• In this method of infrared spectroscopy , radiation (Infra red) is passed through the sample.
• Some of the radiation is absorbed by the sample while some of the radiation is transmitted.
• Now spectrum which is produced , represents molecular transmission and molecular absorption creating molecular fingerprint of a sample.
• The fingerprint region is unique for also samples, no two samples have same fingerprint region.
• The fingerprint region shows different absorption peaks with different vibration frequency between bonds of an atoms in the sample.
• Hence with this property unique molecule can be identified.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of FTIR Spectroscopy

Advantages of FTIR are:-

• FTIR stands for Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy is highly sensitive and quick method to achieve high quality spectrum.
• This spectroscopy gives better signal to noise ratio compared to the dispersive instrument.
• With FTIR, spectrum can be obtained very quickly and saves time.
• Gases, solids as well as liquid can be analysed with FTIR.
• By using FTIR no external calibration is required and gives accurate results.
• FTIR is non-destructive technique.
• Organic compounds and Inorganic compounds can be identified easily using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
• Mechanical breakdown is less compared to other instruments because the mirror which is attached in the interferometer is the only moving part in FTIR.
• Simultaneous analysis can be done for multiple gaseous compounds.
• FTIR can identify even small concentrations of contaminants.
• FTIR has a laser beam which keeps the FTIR instrument accurately calibrated.
• It generally completes a scans within 1 to 2 seconds.
• High resolution.

Disadvantages of FTIR are:-

• FTIR instrument have only single beam while , dispersive instrument generally have a double beam.

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Some Uses of chromatography in Industries

Let us see some of the Uses of Chromatography in Different industries. There are different types of chromatographic methods which are used to separate  and identify the components present in a mixture. Chromatography methods such High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Thin layer chromatography, Paper Chromatography, Liquid chromatography, Solid Chromatography and Gas chromatography. The list of the uses of chromatography are as follows:

Some of the uses of chromatography in different industries are:-

1. Chromatography is used in pharmaceutical industries to identify and separate drug products at various stages.
2. Chromatography is used in food industry to identify additives present in the food product.
3. In petroleum and petrochemical industries chromatography is also used.
4. Chromatography is used to identify fats, oils, vitamins, steroids and alkaloids.
5. Chromatography is used to identify pesticides and fungicides.
6. It can also be used in cosmetic industry.
7. Chromatography is used to identify radioactive isotopes.
8. Chromatography is used to identify toxins present in environment.

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