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 Some advantages and disadvantages of thin layer chromatography are discussed below. So let us check out its advantages and disadvantages to know more about thin layer chromatography. Some Advantages of Thin Layer Chromatography TLC are: Thin Layer chromatography is a rapid analysis method for complex mixtures. Minimal sample preparation. It has high separation efficiency. Low solvent consumption in thin layer chromatography. It requires small sample volumes. Cost effective method. Instrumentation is simple. Useful for wide range of applications. It is compatible with various detection methods. TLC is easy to perform and interpret.  Some Disadvantages of Thin Layer Chromatography TLC are: Thin layer chromatography has limited sample capacity. It has low resolution compared to other methods. It has limited reproducibility. TLC has limited sensitivity for some compounds.  Trained person is required to operate. High cost of stationary phase. Limited selectivity for certain a...

 Some advantages and disadvantages of column chromatography are discussed below. So let us find out its advantages and disadvantages to know more about column chromatography. Advantages of Column Chromatography are: Column chromatography enhances detection of compounds. Column chromatography enables trace analysis. Increases signal to noise ratio It also detects low concentration. Column chromatography improves analytical accuracy. It is best suitable various detection methods. Column chromatography optimizes sensitivity easily. It separates closely related compounds. Enables detection of impurities. Disadvantages of Column Chromatography are: Column chromatography equipment is expensive.  Costly consumables. The operating cost is high. Column chromatography requires specialized training. It is time consuming process. It is labor intensive technique. Difficult to automate. Requires significate sample for analysis. 

Some advantages and disadvantages of paper chromatography are discussed below. So let us check it out its advantages and disadvantages to know more about paper chromatography. Some advantages of Paper Chromatography are: Paper Chromatography is simple, inexpensive and senstive method. Minimal equipment required during paper chromatography. Low cost materials are used during paper chromatography. No specialized training needed.' Small sample sizes. Easy to scale up. Paper chromatography gives quick results. Efficient method of separation. Versatile applications. Widely available components.  Some disadvantages of Paper Chromatography are: Paper chromatography cannot handle large quantity of sample. Paper chromatography has limited sample capacity. It has long separaton time compared to other methods. Low resolution for complex mixtures. Difficult to maintain uniformity in paper chromatography. Saturation of paper. Large equipment needed for scalability. It is expensive to upscale.

 Some advantages and disadvantages of high performance liquid chromatography are discussed below. So let us check it its advantages and disadvantages to know more about HPLC. Some advantages of HPLC chromatography: HPLC has high resolution and speed of analysis. High surface area. It has high pressure gradient. It has wide range of stationary phases. Precise flow rate control. Senstive detection methods. Low sample method requirement. Accurate peak identification using HPLC.  Some disadvantages of HPLC chromatography HPLC has high cost. High quality components are needed. The solvents and columns used in HPLC are expensive.  Regular maintenance and calibration is needed which add extra cost.   Sophisticated software is required for data analysis. Research and development cost.

 Some advantages and disadvantages of chromatography are discussed below. So let us check out its advantages and disadvantages to know more about chromatography. Some Advantages of Chromatography are: Chromatography can separate complex mixtures with great precision. High resolution and sensitivity. It can handle small sample sizes. Fast analysis method. It separate compounds based on their chemical properties.  Different compound moves at different speeds.  It is suitable for a wide range of compounds.  Chromatography can separate isomers and enantiomers. It allows easy quantification. Chromatography is versatile and adaptable to different needs. Some Disadvantages of Chromatography are: Chromatography method is expensive.  Costly materials and equipments are used. It requires skilled personnel and maintenance. Chromatography needs specific conditions and environments. Initial investment can be high.  Chromatography continuously needs solvents and gases. H...

 Some advantages and disadvantages of Gas Chromatography are discussed below. So let us check it out its advantages and disadvantages to know more about gas chromatography. Advantages of Gas Chromatography GC are: Gas chromatography has high resolution power compared to other methods. GC has high sensitivity. High peak capacity. Gas chromatography has high accuracy and precision. It can separate complex mixtures. It is used to resolve closely related compounds. Small sample volume can be separated using gas chromatography. Quantitative analysis is possible using GC. GC can be coupled with mass spectrometry. Disadvantages of Gas Chromatography GC are: Gas chromatography is limited to volatile compounds. Non-volatile compounds don't vaporize. Analyte can decompose at high temperature. Analyte can also react with stationary phase. It is limited to low to medium molecular weight. It is incompatible with aqueous samples. Thermal stability is required during separation through gas chroma...

 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a technique used to separate and identify components of a mixture. It is commonly used in organic chemistry to identify unknown compounds. In TLC, a stationary phase (such as a glass or plastic plate) is coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material. When the mixture is applied to the plate, the different components of the mixture separate based on their relative affinities for the stationary phase. By comparing the positions of the components on the plate to standards, it is possible to identify the components in the mixture.

Liposomes fluoresce during size-exclusion chromatography because they contain fluorescent compounds. These fluorescent compounds are often incorporated into the liposomes during the manufacturing process in order to provide a way to track the size of the liposomes as they pass through the chromatography column. The fluorescent compounds can be detected by a detector, which then provides information about the size of the liposomes. 

 The role of producer top management and QAS towards quality assurance in BRD is to establish a clear quality assurance policy and objectives. They should also ensure that adequate resources are allocated to quality assurance activities and that these activities are carried out in a systematic and planned manner. Furthermore, they should monitor the effectiveness of quality assurance activities and take corrective action where necessary.

 1. What quality assurance procedures does your company have in place? 2. How do you ensure that your products meet quality standards? 3. What are your procedures for investigating quality issues? 4. What quality metrics do you track? 5. How does your company handle non-conforming products? 6. What corrective and preventative actions have you taken in response to quality issues? 7. What trends are you seeing in your quality data? 8. How has your quality management system evolved over time? 9. What challenges do you face in maintaining quality standards? 10. What role do quality assurance personnel play in your company's operations?

FULL FORM OF API What is the full form of API in pharma industry? Answer: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient API is the central ingredient or the main ingredient used in medicines or pharmaceutical products. Substance other than API are called excipients. In simple words we can say that API is the chemical used in medicine which causes direct effect on the disease.

The Difference Between Antibiotics and Antibacterial: Let us check it out difference between antibiotics and antibacterial, to know more about Antibiotics and Antibacterial. Difference Between: Antibiotics Antibiotics is the broad term, broader range of antimicrobial compounds which acts on bacteria, fungi and other compounds. Certain Antibiotics may also kills bacteria, Fungi and other parasites. Antibiotics is a chemical substance which kills and prevents the growth of the microorganisms by affecting the cell wall and cell structure of bacteria or fungi. Difference Between: Antibacterial Antibacterial is a types of antibiotics.  Chemical substances or anything that kills bacteria or prevents the growth of bacteria can be considered as antibacterial. All antibacterials are antibiotics but not all antibiotics are antibacterials.

Overview of the Difference Between Antibiotics and Antibodies. Let us find out difference between antibiotics and antibodies to know more about Antibody and Antibiotic. Difference Between: Antibiotic The chemical structure of antibiotic is different from antibody or antibodies. Antibiotics are either synthetic or  produced from plants or other microorganisms,  and they are purified to prevent infection caused by bacteria. Antibiotic attacks the cell wall and prevents the cellular functions of the bacteria. Antibiotic are like medicines that kills other bad cells in the body. Example ampicillin, penicillin. Difference Between: Antibodies The chemical structure of antibodies of antibody is made up op two large protein chains called heavy chains and two small protein chains called light chains which are bound to each other. Antibodies are produced naturally by an immune system in the body. Antibodies binds with the antigen found on the pathogens and prevent inf...

Overview of Difference Between Antibiotics and Antiseptics. Let us check it out difference between antibiotics and antiseptics to know more about Antibiotics and Antiseptics. Difference between: Antibiotics Antibiotics are the chemical substances which prevent growth and development of microorganisms by killing them. Antibiotics are effective only against bacteria. Antibiotics may be applied internally as well as externally. During surgical procedure to prevent infections, antibiotics are usually applied. Examples of antibiotics: penicillin, neomycin, streptomycin etc. Difference Between: Antiseptics Antiseptics also prevents the growth and development of microorganisms but not necessarily kills them. Antiseptics are effective against wide range of microorganisms. Antiseptics are applied externally. Antiseptics are generally applied on skin and wound surface for cleaning purpose and prevents further growth of microorganisms.  Examples of antiseptics: Hydrogen Pe...

Conductometry : Let us discuss advantages and disadvantages of Conductometry. This method is also called as conductometric titration method. Types, mobility, concentration of ions and temperature affects the electrochemical conductivity Some of the advantages of conductometry are as follows: In this method as coductance  is measured by conductivity meter , indicator is not required. Conductometric titration works for coloured solution. Accurate results can be obtained by conductometry. It is suitable for both weak base as well as weak acid. This method is also suitable for turbid solution. Some of the disadvantages of conductometry are as follows: Sometimes the salt level increases in the solution which masks the conductivity and do not gives accurate result. Sometimes high concentration of ions masks the conductivity and hence do not give accurate results.

Some applications of conductometry are discussed here, conductometry in analytical chemistry is used to measure the progress of chemical reactions. Conductometric titration is carried out in order to measure the  electrical conductivity of the reaction mixture. This type of titration gives a sharp end point for the colored solution. This type of titration is used to check water pollution in lakes as well as rivers. It is also used to check the alkalinity of the fresh water Salinity of the sea water can also be checked by this method. It is also used to trace antibiotics. Used for tracing microorganism in food microbiology To check the solubility of sparingly soluble salts. Purity of distilled water and de ionised water can determined.

Some important Vitamin C points Wednesday, 25 June, 2014 Seven Advantages of Vitamin C Vitamin C has significant advantages over others and is very helpful to cure disease and to keep body healthy. The Advantages of Vitamin C are: Vitamin C in skin protection Vitamin C protects the skin from free radicals which can be generated during exposure of sunlight. The antioxidant present in Vitamin C protects the body skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation during sunlight exposure. Vitamin C to loose fat One of the most significant advantages of Vitamin C is it reduces body fat , vitamin C obtained from fruits are very useful to loose body fat. Doctors says that As Vitamin C lowers the insulin so instead of storing sugars into body and converting into body fat , it uses it as a fuel to reduce fat in the body. Vitamin C in hair loss Vitamin C keeps free radical away which may generate during food intake. The antioxidant property of Vitamin C removes free radical which may cause d...

Some important Chromatography points Wednesday, 25 June 2014 Seven Advantages of Chromatography Chromatography has significant advantages over other methods that makes it suitable for identification of unknown component from a mixture. The advantages of Chromatography are: Chromatography is quick method Chromatography is quick method for the separation of various components from a mixture of  various compounds which are difficult to separate. Chromatography is simple Chromatography is simple method and even a single person can operate the instrument or an equipment. Chromatography is accurate One of the most significant advantages of Chromatography is its ability to separate the sample mixture easily and gives accurate results.The ability to separate even complex mixture of compounds effectively, chromatography is widely used method and has applications in various fields. Chromatography is continuous process Chromatography also supports continuous operation for a larg...

  Biotechnology  applications and uses also know as (Biotech) are discussed here. As we know that biotechnology is used in various fields such agriculture , food industry, medicine, pharmaceutical industry and much more. Today various products are prepared using this technology. Various techniques such as genetic engineering, gene therapy , genetic testing are used with the help of biotechnology. Various hybrids of plants, animals, poultry with high nutritional value can be produced with this technique. Various disease can be diagnosed as well as treated with the help of this method So let us discuss different uses of biotechnology one by one. Applications of Biotechnology Biotechnology uses in Food industry Various types of food products are prepared using biotechnology such as bread, beer and wine. Cheese and other products of cheese are also prepared using this technique. It is also used to prepare fruit and vegetables juices. Biotechnology uses in medicine Som...

Applications of biotechnology in agriculture : There are many uses of biotechnology in various fields such as medicine, food industry, pharmaceutical industry and more. Out of this, It also plays in important role in agriculture. So let us check it out some of the applications of biotechnology in agriculture which are as follows. Diseases resistant crops can be made using biotechnology. Plant which are grown using biotechnology are used in production of various biopharmaceuticals to treat various disease. Plants are also used to create antibiotics which can be used for both animals and humans. Plants can be made which are resistant to various environmental stresses such as cold, heat or drought. Improves yield of crops by introducing various genes which are resistant to insects and are tolerance to herbicides. Nutritional value of plants can be increased by biotechnology. Other useful article: Applications of Biotechnology